Question 22
A 50-year-old female presents with lightheadedness and overall abnormal feelings. Hyperaldosteronism is diagnosed. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?
a. Hypovolemia
b. Hypotension
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hyponatremia
Question 23
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the “flu” for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state?
a. Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation.
b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.
c. Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones.
d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.
Question 24
A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting changes in facial features. CT scan reveals a mass on the anterior pituitary, and lab tests reveal severely elevated growth hormone (GH). Which of the following would the nurse also expect to find?
a. Decreased IGF-1
b. Hypotension
c. Sexual dysfunction
d. Height increases
Question 25
A nurse recalls insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?
a. Sodium, chloride, phosphate
b. Calcium, magnesium, potassium
c. Hydrogen, bicarbonate, chloride
d. Potassium, magnesium, phosphate
Question 26
A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurse’s best response?
a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect
b. Obesity and lack of exercise
c. Immune destruction of the pancreas
d. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets
Question 27
When a patient wants to know what most commonly causes hypoparathyroidism, how should the nurse reply? It is most commonly caused by:
a. Pituitary hyposecretion
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Parathyroid gland injury
d. Hypothalamic inactivity
Question 28
A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production.Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find?
a. Increased blood volume
b. Increased urine osmolality
c. Increased urine volume
d. Increased arterial vasoconstriction
Question 29
A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.Synthesis of which of the following would decrease in this patient?
a. Corticosteroid B globulin
b. Sex hormone-binding globulin
c. Thyroid-binding globulin
d. Albumin
Question 30
A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following complications should the nurse anticipate?
a. Dilutional hyponatremia
b. Dehydration from polyuria
c. Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia
d. Metabolic acidosis
Question 31
A patient has high levels of hormones. To adapt to the high hormone concentrations, the patient’s target cells have the capacity for:
a. Negative feedback
b. Positive feedback
c. Down-regulation
d. Up-regulation
Question 32
A 25-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Palpation of her neck would most likely reveal:
a. A normal-sized thyroid
b. A small discrete thyroid nodule
c. Multiple discrete thyroid nodules
d. Diffuse thyroid enlargement
Question 33
A 30-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting visual disturbances. CT reveals a pituitary tumor and lab tests reveal elevated prolactin. He is diagnosed with prolactinoma. Which of the following treatments would the nurse help implement?
a. Dopaminergic agonists
b. Calcium
c. Insulin
d. Radiation
Question 34
A 3-year-old male was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. The parents ask the nurse if left untreated what will happen.What is the nurse’s best response? If left untreated, the child would have:
a. Mental retardation and stunted growth
b. Increased risk of childhood thyroid cancer
c. Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder
d. Liver, kidney, and pancreas failure
Question 35
Visual disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with untreated Graves disease. The endocrinologist explains to the patient that the main cause of these complications is:
a. Decreased blood flow to the eye
b. Orbital edema and protrusion of the eyeball
c. TSH neurotoxicity to retinal cells
d. Local lactic acidosis
