Development of the Instrument

The first subspace contains 8 items which captures leader’s morally grounded principles at work such as: ‘When I take a managerial decision at work, I consider ethical repercussion of my decision” and “l take ethical rules seriously when supervise my subordinates in the organization”. Spiritual Depth which is the second subspace contains 8 items which captures leaders deeper self-awareness, deeper self-awareness, self fleeting at work such as “l believe incorporating spirituality into work makes a leader benevolent ” and “l try to find a deeper sense of meaning in my leadership and work”.
Positive Engagement which is the third subspace contains 8 items which captures leaders how leaders develop positive change in the organization through courage and hope such as “l persuade my team to dream big and think out of the box in the organization” and “l believe in my teammate’s ability to produce positive results in the organization”.
Community Responsiveness which is the fourth subspace contains items that futures leaders contribution to the society and community service such as “I actively associate myself in projects related to corporate social responsibility for the benefit of the community’ and “l care about leaving a legacy for future generations”. METHODOLOGY Judgment Sampling is used to gather data for this study. The subject population was managers working in business and nonprofit organizations. First, pilot study was conducted with 30 managers to remove redundancies. The revised re-assessed survey was sent out for data collection.

For Confirmatory factor analysis Honking (1995) proposed using a sample size of 200 but Honking (1995) also recommends using a sample of 1 50 for new scale development. For exploratory study, judgment sampling was used to collect the data. I tried to obtain responses from managers who have experience in leading people and who have diverse tendencies towards benevolence. Judgment Sampling was used as it gives an insight in choosing the respondents, flexibility, convenience. Participants were reached by Professional email groups, Social networking sites, Professional contacts and references.